Artisan tool



July 28, 193s. B. J. DNS Y 2,048,846

ARTISAN TOOL Filed Oct. 26, 1952 2 SheeiS-Sheel', l

62 c Q 23 f5 INVENTOR. W' 55m/ARD J Alf/'S N B r 3l// 25 7 L ATfORNEY nJuly 28, 1936. B J. DAVlS 2,048,846

l ARTI SAN TOOL Filed OCT.. 26, 1932 2. SheeS-Sheel'l 2 INVEN TOR. @30 .QM/ f5 r1 oFFicE ARTISAN ,TooLr' I Bernard J. Davis, Oakland, Calif. Application October 26, 639,563

s claims. (c1. scf-'102) The invention relates to tools or instruments designed to assist an artisan in reducing to application certain geometrical or trigonometrical problems encountered in the development of his Work.

An object of the invention is to provide a tool of the character described which is particularly applicable to carpentry and similar construction work in indicating proper cutting angles for framing and joining timbers or other building members.

Another objectof the invention is to provide a tool of the character described which maybe applied directly to a building member and when so applied and properly adjusted provides suitable and correctly located straight edges for scribing the proper cutting slants directly on the member.

A further object of the invention is to provide a device of the character described which is simple, inexpensive and compact in construction and has a mode of operation readily comprehended by a relatively unskilled person.

The invention possesses other objects and features of advantage, some of which, with the foregoing, will be set forth in the following description of the preferred form of the invention which is illustrated in the drawings accompanying and forming part of the specification. It is to be understood, however, that variations in the showing made by the said drawings vand description may be adopted within the scope of the invention as set forth in the claims.

Referring to said drawings:

Figure 1 is a plan View of the tool of my invention.

Figure 2 is a bottom view of the quadrant plate of the tool.

Figure 3 is a sectional View taken substantially on the line 3 3 of Figure 1 with the adjustable arm of the tool removed.

Figure 4 is a fragmentary perspective view of the tool.

Figure 5 is an end View showing the arm construction of the tool.

Figure 6 is an end sectional View takensubstantially on the line 6-6 of Figure 1.

Figures 7 and 8 are side elevations of a modified form of the invention.

Figure 9 is a plan view of the modified form of the invention as disclosed in Figures 7 and 8.

Figures 10 and 1l are fragmentary views of a building construction illustrating various timber cuts to which my tool may be adapted.

Referring more particularly to the drawings,

the tool of 4iny'invention comprises a quadrantal plate II having pivoted thereon for arcuate displacement over the exposed surface I2 thereof anar1n'I3.y Preferably an edge I4 of the plate I-Iv is; sc faced that it may abut against a side 5 of a timber with the surface I2 lying substantially coplanar to an adjacent side of the timber.

In this way, when moving the arm I3 over the surface, I2of the plate the same may be extended to lie vover the vcoplanar related sur- 10V face of the timber. It will thus be clear that with the v"arifn positioned on the plate in a certain angular 'relation to the edge I4, and with the edge I4' placed against a side of the timber, the arm I3 will overlie the timber withY the same anl5 1 gul'arrelation as over the plate. By graduating the surface I2 of the plate to obtain such predetermined positions for the arm I3 as are calculated to be ofanangular relation to the edgel I4 equal to the correct cutting angle for sawing 20 various timbers, the' arm I3 may be readily set with respect to the surface I2 for disposing the same for indicating the correct cutting position over the surface of the timber.

Preferably; and as shown, the arm I3 is se- 25 cured intermediate its ends to the plate adjacent the edge "I4 bymeans vof a pivotal connection I5, one portion I6.of the arm being disposed over the' surface I2 of the plate while a portion I1 thereof is arranged on the opposite side of the 30 pivotal connection 'I5 and extends from the edge I4 of the plate to overlie the surface of a timber as aforesaid. An important feature of the structure disclosed is the positioning of the pivotal connection I5 at an edge I8 of the arm, this ar- 35 rangement causing such edge to pass through the axis of the pivotal connection and in this manner providing von the arm a convenient guide edge and indicia for scribing. This positioning of the'jpivotal connection is made possible by 40 the use of a laterally extending projection or boss 2I formed on and in outstanding relation to the edge I8 and which is held in pivotal engagement with the'plate I I by means of a pin 22.

`In order that the lower as well as the upper 45 surface of the plate II may beused with the arm I3, the portion I 6 of the arm is desirably extended to the outermost edge 23 of the plate and thence around such end and inwardly over thelower surface 24 of the plate where it con- 50 nects with the lower end 230i the pin 22. The extension of thearm thus disposed over the surface 24, and which is indicated on the drawings. by the reference numeral 21 is positioned precisely underand in alignment with the main portion 55 I6 of the arm so that upon moving the portion 21 to a predetermined angular position on the surface 24, accurate positioning of the guide edge I8 over the surface of the timber Will be assured. Preferably a set screw 25 is carried by the arm portion 21 and arranged to bear against the plate to hold the arm in adjusted position thereover.

With the arm I3 pivoted to the plate I I and at the same time extending around the edge 23 of the plate, it is. desirable, in .order to permit relative angular displacement between the arm and the plate, to form the edge 23 of circu-Y the' pivotalconnection of the arm and the plate.V

Preferably the'edge 23-'is continued tangentially fromthe'point 28 in parallel relation to the edge I4 `so as to define in combination Withthe curved quadrant portion of the plate a rectangular portion 3l uponl which may be tabulated data for Iuse with the tool.

YTo* insure a' precise mounting of the tool against a side of a timber, the portion of the edge I4 lying opposed to the s curved portionr of the edge 23 is provided with a suitable back' ing element 3? which comprises Va Vertical straight-edge Vportion 33 arranged for abutment against aside 'of'the'vtimberg and a laterally extending guide portion 34 which vis arranged to lie on the surface of the timber. Preferably the portion 34 extends from the portion 33 intermediate the Atop and" bottoml edges 36 and 31 thereof and provides a pair of horizontal surfaces 34 `and 34" spaced a distan-ce substantially equal to thedepth of the arm I3 and disposed with one of the surfaces 34' substantially coplanar with the surface I2 whereby'the backing means will beefective for retaining the edge I4"against the timber with theV arm lresting on the surface of the timber'w'he'n either surface I2 or v24 of the plate in exposed position. Preferably the element 32 extends beyondthe edge 23 of the platein orderto provide a greater bearing edge than 'would otherwise be'provided, and also the portion of thev straight edge 23`lying' adjacent thesurface 24 may be likewise'extended over the fulllength of the edge I4.

As` an imp rtant feature of my tool I incorporate, in combination with'the arm I3, a longitudinally adjustable arm 4I which provides with the arm I3 whenroperatively disposed on the surface Vof the timber a pair of parallelly extending scribing surfaces along the side edges 42 and 43, Connection of therarm 4I `to the arm I3 is preferablyefiected by means of a guide memberr44 which forms a lright angular extensionrof the arm 4I at the inner end 46. The guide member is slidably mounted in a groove 41 'provided intermediate the opposed top and bottom ffaces '48 and 49 ofthe arm I3, and is preferably held' against transverse displacement within l'thegroove'by -means of opposed transverse shoulders 5I land 52 provided on the edges of the arm'surfaces -v48fand 49 respectively, the shoulders slidablyengaging' the rear surface 50 of the"member- 444 and positioned within a groove `V55 provided adjacentthe opposed side of suitable the member. Also the arm I3 along the side 53 opposite the guide edge I8 is provided over its entire length with a longitudinally extending opening 54 which registers with the groove 41 so as to thereby permit the protrusion of the arm 4I therethrough. It will be noted that the arm 4I may be reversed so that it may be extended from the guide edge I8 of the arm rather than the edge 53. This reversal is made possible through the use of a side opening 56 provided along the guide edge I8 of the arm `I3 and extending from the outer end 51 of the arm a relatively short distance towards the pivotal connection, said opening registering with the groove 41 and permitting the extension therethrough of the rarm 4I. With the side openings 54 and 56 in the oppositevsides I 8 and 53 of the arm, and with such openings each extended to the end 51 of the arm, it will be clear that to effect a reversal of Vthe arm 4I it is only necessary to Withdraw the' guidemember-44 from the end 51 and then replace the same in the groove'41v in an inverted position. When used in combination with most of the scales provided on the plate II, the arm 4I is extended from the edge 53 of the arm I3. In certain uses, however, the arm 4I-'is'extended from the vedge I8 of the arm andin these uses it has been found that but a' small longitudinal adjustment of the arm 4I fromthe end 51 is required. For-this reason the opening 56 provided along theY side edge I8 ofthe arm I3 need only extend but a short distance from the end 51.

Preferably the sides 42 and 43 of the arm 4I are formed of a depth equal to the thickness of the arm I3 whereby the top and bottom surfaces of the arm 4I will lie in'the planes of the surf` faces 48 and 49 of the arm I3. Toprovide-such an arrangement the arm 4I may be formed as here VVshown of an I section so as to place the edges of the sides 42 and 43 substantially flush with the surfaces 48 and 49. With this construction, when the arm 4I is moved to the end 51 of the arm I3 there is produced the alignment of the edge 43'on the arm 4I with the end 51 of the arm I3 and the formation of a continuous scribing -surface along the guide edge I8, around the end 51 and along the edge 46. Also, due to this formation of the Yarm 4I, the latter is per mitted tolie at all times in engagement with the timbersurface on Which the arms lare disposed. This occurs notwithstanding the fact that the arm 4I protrude's through a side opening in the arm I3, which arrangement wouldV normally require the arm `4I to be held spaced from a plane surfaceron Which thearm I3 was disposed. r

It 'is'of importance, in the Various uses of the tool,r that the distance between the `arm 4I andY arm I3 lying adjacent the opening (i3 are pro-Y vided with transversely extending graduations 68 which ove-rlie the edge- I4 and with which the graduations on the member 44 may be aligned.

Thus vsince the graduations 68 and those on the member 6I *extend transversely to the length of the arm, the distance say from the edge 43 along the side i8 to the edge lli may be readily determined by following the graduations 68 on the portion 57 which extends to the edge lll, at the intersection of the side i8, inwardly to the scale i where the desired distance may be directly read. Similarly the distance of the edge l2 from the side lil along the edge i3 may be found by subtracting the width of the member ill, or the distance between the sides d3 and i2 from the side I6 along the side iS may be similarly found by the useof the graduations 53 on the portion 66.

Means are preferably provided for retaining the member i4 in desired longitudinal adjustment, and as here shown such means is shown in the form of a shoe li which is carried by the pin 22 forming the pivotal connection between the arm i3 and plate H. The shoe may be pressed against the exposed surface of the member @A by means of a wing nut l2 which. is threaded on an end cf the pin.

In Figures 7 and 8 of the drawings I have disclosed a slightly modied form of the tool. In this embodiment the curved edge 23 of the quadrant plate is provided with an enlarged vertically disposed end face S on which may be arranged certain graduated scales lili). With this construction the rearwardly extending end i5 of the arm i3 is bent upwardly from the Surface l2 of the plate and extends over the graduated end face 95 to provide an indicating member 96. A set screw el is preferably carried by the portion i6 for releasably holding the arm I3 in adjusted position over the surface o-f the plate. In this embodiment the portion 25 of the arm which is disposed over the lower surface 2d of the plate is not connected to the outer end of the arm portion l as in the first embodiment, but is preferably held in alignment with the a'rm portion it' for rotation therewith by means of a pair of square portions SBS and 9e provided on the pin 22 and engaging in similarly formed openings of the arm portions l2 and Eil.

In illustrating the use of my tool I have shown in Figures and ll of the drawings, fragmentary views of building roof structures requiring certain angularly cut timbers in their construction. In the present embodiment of the invention the scales provided on the surfaces of the plate il have been especially designed to render the tool applicable for marking the cuts for the various timbers used in the. structures shown. Each of the scales has therefore been graduated in terms of the roof pitch of the structure, so as to provide for the proper setting of the arm i3 to give the correct angle for scribing the different individual cuts on the timbers for roof pitches varying from one to 24 rise per foot. Thus in setting of the tool for scribing the plumb cuts lei at the top of a common rafter such as illustrated by the timbers EQ2, the arm portion I6 is moved over the surface i2 to position the guide edge iS of the arm opposite the gure indicating the appropriate roof pitch in the arcuate arrangement of graduations labeled as plumb cuts of common rafters. With the arm thus positioned, the tool may be applied to a timber and the latter marked in the manner heretofore described. In a similar fashion the arm may be set for scribing the plumb cuts H33 on the hip rafters ld, for marking the side cuts |06 on the hip rafter i543, and for scribing the face and side cuts of roof boards. Also the tool may be set for scribing the side cuts lili in the jack rafters H68, and for scribing the foot cuts i l i and the toe cuts H2 inthe common, hip andV jack-rafters. Scribing thetop cuts l|3 of the raking molding lill', and the backing cuts H5 on the hip rafter |34, .as well as the plumb and cheek cuts of Octagon hip and common rafters and many other common timber cuts which are too numerous to enumerate, may with the scales here shown be readily accomplished. The use of the arm i3 in combination with the right angularly extending arm di, as will be understood, greatly' facilitatesthe scribing of certain cuts which extend at right angles to each other, such as exemplified by the common foot and toe cuts ill and H2. Also this right angular combination of arms is especially applicable to the scribing of the rise and tread cuts of stair stringere.

It will thus be clear that the tool of my invention is well adapted to the accomplishment of the objects hereinbefore referred t0.

I claim:

1. In a device of the character described, a plate providing a straight edge thereon arranged for abutment against a side of a timber, an arm having pivotal connection intermediate its length with said plate adjacent said edge and disposable with said edge against said timber with a portion of said arm lying over a surface of said plate and a second portion extended from said edge to overlie a surface of said timber for scribing same, said second arm portion being provided with a groove extending longitudinally thereof and opening at the side thereof and in a plane parallel to said timber surface, and a member slidably carried in said groove and provided with an angular portion thereof extending through said groove to overlie said timber surface.

2. In a device of the character described, a plate providing a straight edge thereon arranged for abutment against a side of a timber, an arm having pivotal connection intermediate its length with said plate adjacent said edge and disposable with said edge against said timber with a portion of said arm lying over a surface of said plate and a second portion of said arm extending from said edge to overlie a surface of said timber for scribing same, said second arm portion being hollowed and having a slot opening along a side thereof and in a plane parallel to said plate, and a member slidably enclosed in said second arm portion and having a right angularly extending end extension extending through and from said slot.

3. In a device of the character described, a plate providing a straight edge thereon arranged for abutment against a side of a timber, an arm having pivotal connection intermediate its length with said plate adjacent said edge and disposable with said edge against said timber with a portion of said arm lying over a surface of said plate and a second portion of said arm extended from said edge to overlie a surface of said timber for scribing same, said second arm portion being provided with a groove opening to opposite sides of the arm and extending longitudinally therealong, and a member slidably carried in said groove and having a portion thereof extending angularly from said arm, said member being arranged for reversal in said groove with said member portion being selectively extendable from either of said opposite arm sides.

4. In a device of the character described, a plate having a straight edge arranged for abutment against the side of a timber, an arm pivoted to said plate for movement thereover and over said timber and provided with a groove opening to the side thereof, a slide member mounted in said groove and provided with a right angular extension extending from said groove, and a sight opening in said arm adjacent said edge for measuring the distance from said edge to said extension along said arm. K

5. In a device of the character described, a plate having a straight edge arranged for abutment against the side of a timber, an arm pivoted to said plate for movement thereover and over said timber and provided with a groove opening to the side thereof, a graduated slide member mounted in said groove and provided with a right angular portion extending through said groove,-

a sight opening in said arm adjacent said edge, and graduations on said arm adjacent said opening and arranged for alignment with said edge and the graduations on said slide member.

6. In a device as characterized in claim 4 ini cluding, means extending into said opening and securing said arm and slide member against relative movement.

BERNARD J. DAVIS. 

